A genetic disorder is a disease or condition caused by changes (mutations) in a person’s DNA. These changes can affect how genes work, leading to problems in body structure, function, or development.
Here’s a explanation:
What causes genetic disorders?
Genetic disorders occur when there is:
- A mutation in a single gene — changes in one gene’s DNA sequence.
Example: Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia, Hemophilia. - Abnormalities in chromosomes — such as extra, missing, or damaged chromosomes.
Example: Down syndrome (extra chromosome 21), Turner syndrome. - Multifactorial causes — a combination of genetic mutations and environmental factors.
Example: Heart disease, Diabetes, Cancer.
How are they inherited?
Genetic disorders can be:
- Inherited from parents (passed through genes).
- Spontaneous, meaning mutations occur during cell division or early development.
In short:
A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by a defect or change in the DNA sequence, which affects how the body grows, functions, or maintains itself.