The function of DNA in heredity is to store, transmit, and express genetic information that determines the traits of an organism.
Here’s a explanation:
- 1. Storage of genetic information:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) carries the complete set of instructions needed to build and maintain an organism. These instructions are coded in the sequence of its nitrogen bases — adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). - 2. Transmission of traits:
When organisms reproduce, DNA is copied and passed from parents to offspring. This ensures that traits (like eye color, height, or blood type) are inherited through generations. - 3. Control of protein synthesis:
DNA contains genes that provide the code for making proteins. Proteins are responsible for most cellular functions and determine an organism’s physical and biochemical traits. - 4. Mutation and variation:
Small changes (mutations) in DNA sequences can create variations among individuals, which is the basis of evolution and diversity in living organisms.
In short:
DNA acts as the hereditary material that carries genetic information from one generation to the next, ensuring continuity of life and allowing variation for evolution.