Insulin and glucagon are two important hormones made by the pancreas that work together to control the body’s metabolism, especially the levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Here’s a explanation of their roles:
1. Role of Insulin:
- Insulin is released when blood sugar levels are high, such as after eating.
- It helps cells take in glucose from the blood to use for energy or to store it as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
- It also promotes the storage of fats and the formation of proteins.
- Overall, insulin lowers blood sugar levels and supports energy storage.
2. Role of Glucagon:
- Glucagon is released when blood sugar levels are low, such as between meals or during fasting.
- It tells the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood.
- It can also help make new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (a process called gluconeogenesis).
- Overall, glucagon raises blood sugar levels and ensures the body has enough energy when food isn’t available.
In short:
- Insulin lowers blood sugar by storing and using glucose.
- Glucagon raises blood sugar by releasing stored glucose.
Together, they keep the body’s energy balance and blood sugar levels stable, which is vital for proper metabolism and overall health.