Gluconeogenesis is the process by which the body makes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, glycerol (from fats), and lactic acid. It mainly occurs in the liver and partly in the kidneys.
Here’s why gluconeogenesis is important:
- Maintains Blood Sugar Levels:
When you haven’t eaten for a while or during fasting, blood glucose levels start to drop. Gluconeogenesis helps keep glucose levels steady, ensuring the body still has energy. - Supplies Energy to the Brain and Red Blood Cells:
The brain and red blood cells rely mostly on glucose for energy. Since they can’t use fats directly, gluconeogenesis provides the glucose they need to function properly. - Supports Long-Term Fasting or Starvation:
During long periods without food, stored glycogen runs out. Gluconeogenesis then becomes the main source of glucose, helping the body survive until new food is available. - Recycles Metabolic Byproducts:
It converts lactic acid (from muscles during exercise) and glycerol (from fat breakdown) back into glucose, preventing their buildup and maintaining metabolic balance. - Supports Protein and Fat Metabolism:
Some amino acids from protein breakdown are used in gluconeogenesis, linking carbohydrate metabolism with protein and fat metabolism.
In short:
Gluconeogenesis is vital because it keeps blood sugar levels stable, especially during fasting, exercise, or starvation, ensuring that important organs like the brain and red blood cells always have enough energy to function.