What is the difference between equivalence point and endpoint?

The equivalence point and endpoint are related but not exactly the same in a titration:

1. Equivalence point:
   • The point at which the exact amount of titrant has reacted with the analyte.
   • It is theoretical and based on the chemical reaction.
   • No indicator is needed to know it exists; it’s a calculated or exact stoichiometric point.
2. Endpoint:
   • The point at which the indicator changes color, showing that the titration is complete.
   • It is practical and observed during the experiment.
   • It may be slightly before or after the equivalence point, depending on the indicator.

In short:

• Equivalence point = exact chemical completion.
• Endpoint = observed color change with indicator.

A good indicator makes the endpoint very close to the equivalence point.