Here’s a explanation of the difference between polar and non-polar solvents:
1. Polar solvents
- Definition: Solvents with molecules that have a permanent electric dipole (uneven charge distribution).
- Characteristics:
- Can dissolve ionic and other polar substances.
- Have a high dielectric constant.
- Often miscible with water.
- Examples: Water, ethanol, methanol, acetic acid
Think: “Like dissolves like” – polar solvents dissolve polar solutes.
2. Non-polar solvents
- Definition: Solvents with molecules that have no permanent dipole (even charge distribution).
- Characteristics:
- Can dissolve non-polar substances like oils and fats.
- Have a low dielectric constant.
- Usually immiscible with water.
- Examples: Benzene, hexane, carbon tetrachloride, toluene
Think: Non-polar solvents are for substances without charge separation.
In short:
- Polar solvents: dissolve charged or polar compounds.
- Non-polar solvents: dissolve non-polar compounds.