Here’s a explanation of the factors that affect solubility:
1. Nature of the Solute and Solvent
- “Like dissolves like” – polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
- Example: Sugar (polar) dissolves in water (polar), but oil (nonpolar) does not.
2. Temperature
- For solids in liquids: Increasing temperature usually increases solubility.
- For gases in liquids: Increasing temperature usually decreases solubility.
- Example: Hot water dissolves more sugar; soda loses fizz when warm.
3. Pressure (mainly affects gases)
- Higher pressure increases the solubility of gases in liquids.
- Example: Carbon dioxide is more soluble in soda under high pressure.
4. Presence of Other Substances
- Sometimes dissolved ions or molecules can increase or decrease solubility.
- Example: Common ions can reduce solubility of salts (called the common ion effect).
In short: Solubility depends on the type of solute and solvent, temperature, pressure, and other dissolved substances.