Here’s a explanation without equations:
The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution describes how the speeds of particles in a gas are spread out at a certain temperature. Not all particles move at the same speed: some move slowly, some move very fast, and most move at a speed somewhere in between.
- Most particles have a moderate speed.
- Few particles are extremely slow or extremely fast.
- When the temperature increases, more particles move faster, and the range of speeds becomes wider.
Basically, it’s a way to show how likely it is to find a particle moving at a certain speed in a gas.