A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy using a fuel (like hydrogen) and an oxidant (like oxygen). Here’s how it works:
1. Basic Principle
- A fuel cell works through electrochemical reactions (redox reactions) rather than burning fuel.
- Oxidation happens at the anode (fuel loses electrons).
- Reduction happens at the cathode (oxidant gains electrons).
- Electrons flow through an external circuit, producing electricity.
2. Typical Example: Hydrogen Fuel Cell
- Anode reaction: Hydrogen molecules split into protons and electrons.
- Cathode reaction: Oxygen reacts with protons and electrons to form water.
- Electron flow: Electrons travel through a wire from anode to cathode, generating electricity.
3. Advantages
- Produces electricity efficiently.
- Only byproduct is water (clean energy).
- Can be used in vehicles, power plants, and portable devices.
In short: Fuel cells generate electricity by moving electrons from fuel to oxygen through a controlled chemical reaction, without burning the fuel.