How does temperature affect the state of matter?

Here’s a explanation:

Effect of Temperature on States of Matter

1. Solids → Liquids (Melting)
   • Increasing temperature adds energy, making particles vibrate more.
   • At the melting point, the solid becomes a liquid.
   • Example: Ice → Water
2. Liquids → Gases (Boiling/Evaporation)
   • Further heating gives more energy, allowing particles to break free from intermolecular forces.
   • At the boiling point, the liquid becomes gas.
   • Example: Water → Steam
3. Solids → Gases (Sublimation)
   • Some solids can directly turn into gas on heating.
   • Example: Dry ice → CO₂ gas
4. Gases → Liquids (Condensation)
   • Cooling a gas slows particles, letting them stick together as a liquid.
   • Example: Steam → Water
5. Liquids → Solids (Freezing)
   • Cooling a liquid slows particles, forming a rigid structure (solid).
   • Example: Water → Ice

Key Idea:

• Heating → increases particle energy → may change solid → liquid → gas.
• Cooling → decreases particle energy → may change gas → liquid → solid.

In short: Temperature controls how much particles move, which determines whether matter is solid, liquid, or gas.