Pollutants can be classified as biodegradable or non-biodegradable based on whether they can be broken down naturally by microorganisms.
1. Biodegradable Pollutants
Definition: Substances that can be decomposed naturally by bacteria, fungi, or other organisms into harmless products.
Examples:
- Food waste
- Vegetable peels
- Sewage and animal waste
- Paper and natural fibers
Characteristics and Effects:
- Break down relatively quickly.
- Usually do not cause long-term environmental harm if treated properly.
- Excess amounts in water or soil can still cause oxygen depletion or temporary pollution.
2. Non-Biodegradable Pollutants
Definition: Substances that cannot be easily broken down by natural processes or microorganisms, persisting in the environment for a long time.
Examples:
- Plastics
- Metals like lead, mercury, cadmium
- Synthetic chemicals like pesticides, detergents, and certain pharmaceuticals
Characteristics and Effects:
- Accumulate in soil, water, and living organisms.
- Cause long-term environmental damage and bioaccumulation in the food chain.
- Lead to problems like water pollution, soil contamination, and health hazards.
Summary
- Biodegradable pollutants: Naturally decomposed, temporary pollution.
- Non-biodegradable pollutants: Persistent, long-lasting, and harmful to ecosystems.