The key difference between a galvanic (voltaic) cell and an electrolytic cell lies in how electricity and chemical reactions interact:
- Galvanic (Voltaic) Cell
- Purpose: Produces electrical energy from a spontaneous chemical reaction.
- Reaction type: Spontaneous redox reaction.
- Electron flow: From anode to cathode through an external circuit.
- Anode and Cathode: Anode is negative, cathode is positive.
- Example: Zinc-copper battery.
- Electrolytic Cell
- Purpose: Uses electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
- Reaction type: Non-spontaneous redox reaction.
- Electron flow: Electrons are forced by an external power source from anode to cathode.
- Anode and Cathode: Anode is positive, cathode is negative.
- Example: Electroplating of metals.
Summary:
- Galvanic cells generate electricity, electrolytic cells consume electricity.
- The sign of electrodes is reversed in the two types.