Lipids are a group of organic compounds that include fats, oils, and waxes. They are made mainly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), but in different proportions than carbohydrates.
Main Features of Lipids:
- They are insoluble in water (do not mix with water).
- They are soluble in organic solvents like alcohol or ether.
- They store a large amount of energy.
Types of Lipids:
- Fats and Oils – store energy (fats are solid, oils are liquid).
- Phospholipids – form the cell membrane.
- Steroids – include hormones like cholesterol and testosterone.
- Waxes – protect surfaces of plants and animals.
Functions of Lipids:
- Energy storage: Give more energy than carbohydrates.
- Protection: Cushion organs and protect them from damage.
- Insulation: Help keep the body warm.
- Structure: Build cell membranes.
- Hormone formation: Used to make hormones and vitamins.
In short:
Lipids are fats and fat-like substances that store energy, build cell membranes, and protect the body.