RNA (Ribonucleic acid) differs from DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) in several key structural ways:
- Sugar Type
- DNA contains deoxyribose sugar (lacks one oxygen atom).
- RNA contains ribose sugar (has an extra oxygen atom on the 2′ carbon).
- Nitrogenous Bases
- DNA has Thymine (T).
- RNA has Uracil (U) instead of thymine.
- So, in RNA, A pairs with U instead of T.
- Strand Structure
- DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix.
- RNA is usually single-stranded, though it can fold into complex shapes.
- Length and Stability
- DNA is long and stable, ideal for storing genetic information.
- RNA is shorter and less stable, suitable for temporary roles like protein synthesis.
- Function
- DNA stores and transmits genetic information.
- RNA helps in protein synthesis and gene expression (as mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA).
In short:
DNA – Double-stranded, deoxyribose sugar, thymine, long-term storage.
RNA – Single-stranded, ribose sugar, uracil, short-term information use.