The reflection coefficients for s-polarized and p-polarized light describe how much of the light is reflected at the boundary between two media, but they behave differently due to the orientation of the electric field:
1. S-Polarized Light (Perpendicular Polarization):
- The electric field is perpendicular to the plane of incidence (the plane formed by the incoming and reflected rays).
- The reflection coefficient for s-polarized light generally increases with the angle of incidence.
- It never becomes zero, meaning some light is always reflected, no matter the angle.
2. P-Polarized Light (Parallel Polarization):
- The electric field is parallel to the plane of incidence.
- The reflection coefficient for p-polarized light behaves differently — it decreases with angle and becomes zero at a specific angle known as the Brewster angle.
- At this angle, no p-polarized light is reflected; all of it is transmitted.
Key Difference:
- S-polarized light is always partially reflected.
- P-polarized light can be completely transmitted at the Brewster angle.
This difference is crucial in applications like polarized sunglasses, laser optics, and anti-reflection coatings, where controlling polarization-dependent reflection is important.