Religious conversions often function as rites of passage because they mark a significant transition in an individual’s spiritual and social identity. These conversions typically follow the three-phase structure identified by anthropologist Arnold van Gennep in his study of rites of passage:
- Separation (Preliminal Stage)
- The convert distances themselves from their previous religious or secular identity.
- This may involve renouncing former beliefs, changing lifestyle habits, or undergoing rituals of purification.
- Example: A Christian convert from Hinduism might remove idols from their home and stop participating in Hindu rituals.
- Transition (Liminal Stage)
- This is a period of learning, reflection, and sometimes struggle.
- Converts often receive religious instruction, engage in prayer, or undergo tests of faith.
- Example: A Muslim convert may spend time studying the Quran and learning how to perform daily prayers before fully integrating into the faith.
- Incorporation (Postliminal Stage)
- The individual is fully accepted into the new religious community.
- Often, a formal ritual marks this change, such as baptism, circumcision, or a declaration of faith.
- Example: A Jewish convert undergoes immersion in a mikveh, symbolizing spiritual rebirth.
Symbolic and Social Aspects
- Many conversions involve a ritual rebirth, symbolizing leaving behind an old self and embracing a new spiritual life.
- Converts often experience a shift in social identity, joining a new religious community while possibly facing estrangement from their former group.
- Rituals like baptism (Christianity), shahada (Islam), and mikveh immersion (Judaism) serve as public affirmations of commitment.
Thus, religious conversion is more than just a change in belief—it is a transformative journey that follows the structure of a rite of passage, shaping personal identity and social belonging.