Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes differ mainly in the type of bonds between carbon atoms, which affects their reactivity and properties. Here’s a clear comparison:
1. Alkanes
- Type of bond: Only single bonds (C–C) between carbon atoms.
- Bonding nature: Saturated – each carbon has the maximum number of hydrogens.
- Reactivity: Relatively low, because single bonds are strong and stable.
2. Alkenes
- Type of bond: One or more double bonds (C=C) between carbon atoms.
- Bonding nature: Unsaturated – can add more atoms across the double bond.
- Reactivity: Higher than alkanes, because the double bond is more reactive.
3. Alkynes
- Type of bond: One or more triple bonds (C≡C) between carbon atoms.
- Bonding nature: Unsaturated – even fewer hydrogens than alkenes.
- Reactivity: Higher than both alkanes and alkenes, because the triple bond is very reactive.
In short:
- Alkanes: Single bonds, saturated, least reactive.
- Alkenes: Double bonds, unsaturated, moderately reactive.
- Alkynes: Triple bonds, unsaturated, most reactive.