Maritime archaeological sites often yield a wide range of artifacts, including:
- Shipwreck Remains – Hull fragments, masts, rudders, anchors, and fastenings like nails or wooden pegs.
- Cargo and Trade Goods – Pottery, amphorae, spices, textiles, precious metals, and raw materials like tin or copper.
- Nautical Instruments – Compasses, astrolabes, lead sounding weights, and navigational charts.
- Personal Items – Clothing, shoes, coins, jewelry, tools, and weapons.
- Weapons and Armaments – Cannons, cannonballs, muskets, swords, and other defensive/offensive items.
- Ceramics and Glassware – Bottles, plates, bowls, and cooking utensils.
- Organic Materials – Rope, leather, food remains, and wooden artifacts, which are often well-preserved in anaerobic underwater environments.
- Structural Elements from Ports or Harbors – Wharf remains, mooring posts, ballast stones, and warehouse foundations.
These artifacts help reconstruct historical maritime activities, trade networks, shipbuilding techniques, and daily life at sea.