Infrared (IR) radiation plays a crucial role in weather forecasting because it allows meteorologists to observe the atmosphere and Earth’s surface both day and night. Here’s how:
1. Satellite Temperature Measurements
- Weather satellites use infrared sensors to measure the IR radiation emitted by clouds, the ocean, and land.
- Since emitted IR intensity depends on temperature, these measurements reveal surface and cloud-top temperatures.
2. Nighttime Observation
- Unlike visible light imaging, IR detection works in darkness, so satellites can monitor storms, clouds, and weather patterns 24/7.
3. Cloud and Storm Analysis
- Cold, high clouds (like those in thunderstorms or hurricanes) emit less IR than warm, low clouds.
- This helps meteorologists identify storm intensity and track development.
4. Water Vapor Tracking
- Special IR channels detect water vapor in the atmosphere.
- This shows moisture movement, aiding in rainfall prediction and understanding weather system dynamics.
5. Climate and Seasonal Studies
- Long-term IR data helps track global temperature trends, sea surface warming, and ice cover changes.
6. Early Warning Systems
- IR imagery helps detect developing cyclones, hurricanes, and heatwaves, giving more time for evacuation and preparation.