The ozone layer is a region of the Earth’s stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone (O₃) molecules. It is located roughly 15–35 km above the Earth’s surface.
Importance of the Ozone Layer
- Absorbs Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation:
- The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun’s harmful UV-B and UV-C rays, preventing them from reaching the Earth’s surface.
- UV radiation can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and weaken the immune system in humans.
- Protects Ecosystems:
- Reduces UV exposure to plants and phytoplankton, which are the base of aquatic food chains.
- Protects animals, including marine life, from harmful radiation.
- Maintains Climate Balance:
- Plays a role in regulating stratospheric temperature and atmospheric circulation patterns.
Threats to the Ozone Layer
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Found in old refrigerants, aerosols, and foam.
- Halons and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS): Used in fire extinguishers and industrial processes.
- These chemicals break down ozone molecules, causing ozone depletion and “ozone holes,” especially over Antarctica.
Conservation Measures
- International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aim to phase out ozone-depleting substances.
- Use of ozone-friendly alternatives in industry and daily life.
Summary: The ozone layer is Earth’s natural sunscreen, protecting life from harmful UV radiation and maintaining ecological and climatic balance.