Ethnic nationalism is a form of nationalism where the primary basis for national identity is shared ethnic characteristics such as language, culture, religion, and ancestry. It emphasizes the idea that the nation should be composed of people who share a common ethnic identity, and often seeks to create or maintain a nation-state where members of that ethnic group are the dominant group.
Key aspects of ethnic nationalism include:
- Ethnic Identity: National belonging is defined by a shared ethnic heritage, which could include cultural traditions, historical experiences, or common ancestry.
- Exclusivity: Ethnic nationalism tends to be exclusive, meaning that only those who belong to the particular ethnic group are considered part of the nation, often leaving out others based on ethnicity, language, or religion.
- Homogeneity: The ideal ethnic nationalist state is often one where the population is ethnically homogeneous or is organized around a dominant ethnic group.
- Cultural Preservation: Ethnic nationalism can involve efforts to preserve and promote the cultural practices, language, and traditions of the ethnic group, sometimes in opposition to globalization or immigration.
- Sovereignty: Like other forms of nationalism, ethnic nationalism often involves a desire for political sovereignty or autonomy, seeking to create a state or maintain control over a region that is considered the historic homeland of the ethnic group.
This form of nationalism has been significant in the history of many countries, especially during periods of independence movements or the formation of nation-states. However, it can also be associated with exclusionary policies, tensions between ethnic groups, and even ethnic conflict.