Here’s a explanation of the basic steps in an analytical procedure in chemistry:
1. Defining the Problem
- Decide what you want to measure or detect.
- Example: Determining how much calcium is in a water sample.
2. Sampling
- Collect a representative sample from the material.
- Important because accuracy depends on a good sample.
3. Sample Preparation
- Prepare the sample for analysis.
- May include:
- Dissolving solids
- Filtering or centrifuging
- Dilution
4. Selection of Analytical Method
- Choose a suitable technique (e.g., titration, spectroscopy, chromatography) based on:
- Accuracy needed
- Type of substance
- Equipment available
5. Measurement / Analysis
- Perform the analysis using the selected method.
- Record instrument readings, titration volumes, or other data.
6. Calculation
- Convert the measurements into meaningful results, like concentration or mass.
7. Interpretation and Reporting
- Compare results with standards, limits, or regulations.
- Report findings clearly and accurately.
Simple way to remember:
Problem → Sampling → Prepare → Method → Measure → Calculate → Report