Here’s the explanation without using equations:
In radical reactions, initiation is the very first step that creates the reactive species called radicals. These radicals have unpaired electrons, making them highly reactive and capable of driving the reaction forward.
The main role of initiation is to produce radicals from stable molecules, usually by supplying energy in the form of heat, light, or a chemical initiator. This energy breaks bonds in stable molecules, forming radicals that can start the chain of reactions.
Radical reactions generally have three stages:
- Initiation – generates the first radicals to start the reaction.
- Propagation – radicals react with stable molecules to produce new radicals, sustaining the chain reaction.
- Termination – two radicals combine to form a stable molecule, ending the chain.
Without initiation, the reaction cannot start. It acts like the spark that sets the whole radical reaction in motion.