The structure of DNA in plant cells is the same as in all living organisms — it is a double helix made up of nucleotides. This structure stores and passes on genetic information that controls all plant traits and functions.
Here’s a simple explanation:
1. Double helix shape:
DNA looks like a twisted ladder. The two long strands twist around each other, forming the double helix.
2. Nucleotides:
Each strand is made of repeating units called nucleotides.
Each nucleotide has three parts:
- A sugar (deoxyribose)
- A phosphate group
- A nitrogen base
3. Nitrogen bases:
There are four bases in DNA:
- Adenine (A)
- Thymine (T)
- Cytosine (C)
- Guanine (G)
4. Base pairing:
The bases pair in a specific way to form the “rungs” of the DNA ladder:
- A pairs with T
- C pairs with G
These pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds.
5. Complementary strands:
The two strands of DNA are complementary, meaning the sequence on one strand determines the sequence on the other.
6. Location in plant cells:
- DNA is found mainly in the nucleus (in chromosomes).
- Some DNA is also found in chloroplasts and mitochondria, known as organelle DNA.
In short:
DNA in plant cells is a double helix made of two strands of nucleotides with base pairs A–T and C–G. It carries the genetic instructions that control plant growth, development, and inheritance.