Gender performativity is a concept developed by philosopher Judith Butler in Gender Trouble (1990). It suggests that gender is not something inherent or fixed but is instead created through repeated actions, behaviors, and societal expectations. In other words, gender is not something we are, but something we do.
Butler argues that gender norms are socially constructed and maintained through performative acts—such as the way we dress, speak, or interact with others—which reinforce cultural ideas of masculinity and femininity. These performances are shaped by societal norms and expectations rather than being expressions of a natural, internal identity.
The key idea is that because gender is performative, it is also fluid and can be challenged or redefined. This perspective opens up possibilities for resisting and reshaping traditional gender norms.