Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water bodies, making them unsafe for humans, animals, and plants. The main causes include:
1. Industrial Waste
- Factories and industries release toxic chemicals, heavy metals, dyes, and oils into rivers and lakes.
- Examples: Mercury, lead, arsenic, and synthetic dyes.
2. Agricultural Runoff
- Fertilizers and pesticides wash off fields into water bodies.
- Causes eutrophication and contamination of drinking water.
3. Domestic Sewage
- Untreated sewage and wastewater from homes contain pathogens, detergents, and organic waste.
- Leads to the spread of waterborne diseases.
4. Oil Spills
- Leakage from ships, oil rigs, and pipelines contaminates oceans and coastal areas.
- Harmful to marine life and damages ecosystems.
5. Plastic and Solid Waste
- Non-biodegradable plastics, bottles, and packaging accumulate in rivers and seas.
- Chokes aquatic life and disrupts habitats.
6. Radioactive and Thermal Pollution
- Nuclear plants and industrial processes release radioactive substances and hot water.
- Alters aquatic ecosystems and harms organisms.
7. Mining Activities
- Mining releases heavy metals, sediments, and acids into nearby water bodies.
- Pollutes rivers and groundwater.