Alcohols – Simple Explanation
Definition:
Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (–OH) attached to a carbon atom.
Classification of Alcohols
- Primary alcohols: The –OH group is attached to a carbon that is connected to only one other carbon atom.
- Secondary alcohols: The –OH group is attached to a carbon that is connected to two other carbon atoms.
- Tertiary alcohols: The –OH group is attached to a carbon that is connected to three other carbon atoms.
Properties
- They can form hydrogen bonds, so lower alcohols mix well with water.
- As the carbon chain becomes longer, solubility in water decreases.
- They usually have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of similar size because of hydrogen bonding.
Uses
- In medicines and disinfectants.
- As fuels and fuel additives.
- In perfumes and cosmetics.
- As solvents in industries.