Vocabulary changes over time due to several factors, including cultural shifts, technological advancements, social influences, and language contact. Here are some key ways vocabulary evolves:
- New Words (Neologisms) – As new inventions, technologies, and ideas emerge, new words are created. For example, “selfie” and “cryptocurrency” didn’t exist a few decades ago.
- Borrowing from Other Languages – Languages often adopt words from other languages due to trade, migration, or cultural exchange. English, for example, has borrowed words like “sushi” (Japanese), “pajamas” (Hindi), and “entrepreneur” (French).
- Changes in Meaning (Semantic Shift) – Words can change in meaning over time. “Nice” used to mean “foolish” in Middle English, but today it means “pleasant.”
- Word Shortening & Blending – Words are often shortened or combined to create new ones. For example, “brunch” (breakfast + lunch) and “blog” (web + log).
- Slang and Informal Language – Slang constantly evolves, with younger generations creating new expressions. Words like “lit” and “vibe” have gained popularity recently.
- Social and Political Influence – Changes in culture and social norms lead to shifts in language. Words once considered acceptable may fall out of use, while more inclusive or politically correct terms take their place (e.g., “stewardess” replaced by “flight attendant”).
- Obsolescence – Some words become outdated as they are no longer relevant to modern life, such as “floppy disk” or “telegram.”