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How do gamma rays differ from X-rays in terms of energy and origin?

Gamma rays and X-rays are both high-energy electromagnetic radiation, but they differ mainly in energy levels and how they’re produced.

1. Energy:

  • Gamma rays usually have higher energy than X-rays.
    • Energy range: above ~100 keV, often in the MeV range or higher.
  • X-rays have lower energy compared to gamma rays.
    • Energy range: ~100 eV to 100 keV.

2. Origin:

  • Gamma rays come from nuclear transitions or subatomic particle processes.
    • Produced when the nucleus of an atom changes energy state (e.g., gamma decay) or during high-energy particle interactions.
  • X-rays come from electron interactions outside the nucleus.
    • Produced when high-speed electrons are decelerated (Bremsstrahlung) or when inner-shell electrons are ejected and replaced (characteristic X-rays).

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