The heliocentric model of the solar system was proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century. In his work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), published in 1543, Copernicus argued that the Sun, not the Earth, is at the center of the universe, and that the planets, including Earth, orbit around it.
This model challenged the long-held geocentric view, which placed Earth at the center, and laid the foundation for modern astronomy. Later, scientists like Johannes Kepler refined the model by introducing elliptical orbits, and Galileo Galilei provided observational support using his telescope.