How are microwaves used in cooking?

Microwaves are used in cooking through microwave ovens, which heat food quickly and efficiently by targeting water, fat, and sugar molecules. Here’s how it works:

1. Microwave Generation:
   The oven contains a device called a magnetron that produces microwaves, typically at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.
2. Absorption by Molecules:
   Microwaves penetrate the outer layers of food and cause polar molecules (especially water) to vibrate rapidly.
3. Heat Production:
   This vibration creates friction between molecules, generating heat that spreads throughout the food. This process is known as dielectric heating.
4. Efficient Heating:
   The heat is generated inside the food, unlike conventional ovens that heat from the outside in. This allows for faster cooking times.
5. Even Distribution (with a turntable):
   Most microwave ovens have a rotating plate to help cook food more evenly, since microwaves can form hot and cold spots due to interference patterns.