A base is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (H⁺) or release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water. Bases usually have a bitter taste and a slippery feel. They react with acids in neutralization reactions to form salt and water.
Key characteristics of bases:
- Proton acceptor – Bases can accept H⁺ ions from acids.
- Bitter taste – Many bases, like baking soda, taste bitter.
- Slippery feel – Bases like soap feel slippery when touched.
- Electrical conductivity – Bases conduct electricity in aqueous solutions because they produce ions.
- Litmus test – Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
Examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ammonia (NH₃), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).