Thermodynamic systems are classified based on how matter and energy can enter or leave the system. Here’s a breakdown:
1. Open System
- Definition: Both energy and matter can enter or leave.
- Example: Boiling water in an open pot (steam leaves, heat enters).
2. Closed System
- Definition: Only energy can be exchanged with the surroundings; matter cannot.
- Example: A sealed steam radiator (heat flows in/out, water stays inside).
3. Isolated System
- Definition: Neither energy nor matter is exchanged with the surroundings.
- Example: Perfectly insulated thermos flask (ideally, no heat or matter enters or leaves).
4. Adiabatic System (Special Case)
- Definition: No heat transfer occurs, though work or matter may change.
- Example: Insulated piston where gas is compressed or expanded quickly.
Key idea:
- Open: Energy + matter exchange
- Closed: Only energy exchange
- Isolated: No exchange
- Adiabatic: No heat exchange