What are the different types of electromagnetic waves?

Electromagnetic waves are classified based on their wavelength and frequency, forming what’s known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Here are the main types, listed from longest wavelength/lowest frequency to shortest wavelength/highest frequency:

1. Radio Waves
   • Wavelength: meters to kilometers
   • Use: Broadcasting (radio, TV), communication, radar
   • Lowest frequency, lowest energy
2. Microwaves
   • Wavelength: centimeters to millimeters
   • Use: Microwave ovens, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, radar, satellite communication
3. Infrared (IR) Radiation
   • Wavelength: micrometers (μm)
   • Use: Remote controls, night vision, thermal imaging, heating
4. Visible Light
   • Wavelength: ~400–700 nanometers (nm)
   • The only part of the spectrum visible to the human eye
   • Colors range from red (longest wavelength) to violet (shortest)
5. Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
   • Wavelength: ~10–400 nm
   • Use: Sterilization, black lights, causes sunburn
   • Can be harmful in high doses
6. X-Rays
   • Wavelength: ~0.01–10 nm
   • Use: Medical imaging, security screening
   • Penetrates soft tissue but is absorbed by bones
7. Gamma Rays
   • Wavelength: less than 0.01 nm
   • Use: Cancer treatment (radiation therapy), sterilizing medical equipment
   • Highest energy and frequency