Biomolecules are the chemical compounds that make up living organisms and are essential for life. They are mostly organic molecules (containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur and phosphorus) and are responsible for the structure, function, and regulation of cells and tissues.
The main types of biomolecules are:
- Carbohydrates – provide energy and act as structural components (e.g., glucose, starch, cellulose).
- Proteins – made of amino acids; perform structural, enzymatic, transport, and regulatory functions.
- Lipids (fats and oils) – store energy, form cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules.
- Nucleic acids – store and transfer genetic information (DNA and RNA).
In short: Biomolecules are the building blocks of life that help organisms grow, survive, and function properly.