Analytical chemistry plays a crucial role in forensic science because it allows investigators to identify, measure, and analyze evidence from crime scenes. Here’s how it helps, explained:
1. Identification of Substances
- Determines what a substance is at a crime scene.
- Examples:
- Detecting drugs, poisons, or alcohol in a sample.
- Identifying unknown powders or liquids found at a scene.
2. Quantification of Substances
- Measures how much of a substance is present.
- Example: Measuring blood alcohol content in a suspected DUI case.
3. Analysis of Biological Evidence
- Helps study blood, hair, saliva, or tissue samples.
- Techniques like DNA analysis, protein profiling, or toxicology rely on analytical chemistry.
4. Trace Evidence Analysis
- Detects tiny amounts of substances that link a suspect to a crime.
- Examples:
- Fibers, paint, gunshot residue, or explosives.
- Even a few micrograms can provide vital clues.
5. Drug and Toxicology Testing
- Identifies illicit drugs, medications, or poisons in the body.
- Determines whether substances caused illness, intoxication, or death.
6. Document and Material Examination
- Analyzes inks, papers, or metals to verify authenticity or detect forgery.
- Example: Using spectroscopy to compare ink from a forged signature.
7. Crime Scene Reconstruction
- Helps understand how an event occurred by analyzing residues and materials.
- Example: Examining gunshot residues to determine firing distance.
In short: Analytical chemistry provides the tools and techniques that let forensic scientists identify substances, measure quantities, and link evidence to suspects or events, making it essential for solving crimes.