Electrochemical cells are widely used in industry because they allow precise control of chemical reactions and efficient production of energy. Here are the main applications:
1. Electroplating
- Uses electrolytic cells to coat a metal object with a thin layer of another metal.
- Purpose: Improve appearance, prevent corrosion, or reduce friction.
- Example: Chrome plating of car parts, gold plating jewelry.
2. Electrorefining
- Purifies metals using electrolysis.
- Impure metal acts as the anode, and pure metal is deposited at the cathode.
- Example: Purification of copper or silver.
3. Electrolysis of Compounds
- Produces chemicals by splitting compounds using electricity.
- Example:
- Chlor-alkali industry: Produces chlorine and sodium hydroxide from NaCl.
- Aluminum production: Electrolysis of molten alumina.
4. Batteries and Energy Storage
- Galvanic cells are used in batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid storage.
- Rechargeable batteries (lithium-ion, lead-acid) are widely used in industry.
5. Corrosion Protection
- Cathodic protection: Industrial structures like pipelines, ships, and storage tanks are protected from corrosion using electrochemical principles.
6. Sensors and Monitoring
- Electrochemical sensors are used in industry to detect gases, measure pH, or monitor metal ions in processes.
In short: Electrochemical cells are crucial in metal purification, electroplating, chemical production, energy storage, corrosion prevention, and industrial monitoring.