Transition metals play important roles in biological systems because they can easily gain or lose electrons and form complexes with proteins and enzymes. Here are some key examples:
1. Iron (Fe)
- Part of hemoglobin and myoglobin, which carry oxygen in blood and muscles.
- Found in cytochromes, which help in cellular respiration and energy production.
2. Copper (Cu)
- Helps in electron transport in mitochondria.
- Part of enzymes like superoxide dismutase, which protect cells from damage.
3. Zinc (Zn)
- Found in enzymes like carbonic anhydrase and DNA polymerase.
- Helps in protein and DNA synthesis and immune function.
4. Manganese (Mn)
- Important for enzyme activation, like in photosynthesis (splitting water in plants).
5. Cobalt (Co)
- Part of vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell formation and nerve function.
6. Molybdenum (Mo)
- Part of enzymes that help fix nitrogen in plants and animals.
In short: Transition metals are essential in oxygen transport, enzyme function, electron transfer, and metabolism in living organisms.