A plant has five basic parts, and each part has a special function to help the plant live and grow.
1. Roots
- Grow underground.
- Absorb water and minerals from the soil.
- Hold the plant firmly in place (anchorage).
- Some roots also store food (like carrots and beets).
2. Stem
- Supports the plant and keeps it upright.
- Carries water, minerals, and food between roots and leaves through tiny tubes (xylem and phloem).
- Sometimes stores food (like in sugarcane).
3. Leaves
- The main site of photosynthesis — where plants make food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
- Have small openings called stomata for gas exchange.
- Usually green because of chlorophyll.
4. Flowers
- The reproductive part of the plant.
- Help in pollination and seed formation.
- Often colorful and fragrant to attract pollinators.
5. Fruits and Seeds
- Fruits protect the seeds.
- Seeds grow into new plants under the right conditions.
In short:
Roots absorb → Stem supports → Leaves make food → Flowers reproduce → Seeds grow new plants.