When using X-ray machines, strict safety precautions are taken to protect both the patient and the operator from unnecessary radiation exposure. These include:
1. Limiting exposure time
- The X-ray is switched on only for the brief moment needed to capture the image.
- Repeated exposures are avoided unless absolutely necessary.
2. Using protective barriers
- Operators stand behind lead-lined walls or glass to block radiation.
- Patients may wear lead aprons or thyroid shields to protect sensitive organs.
3. Controlling radiation dose
- The lowest possible X-ray dose is used to produce a clear image (ALARA principle — As Low As Reasonably Achievable).
- Modern machines can adjust exposure automatically based on the body part being imaged.
4. Maintaining safe distance
- Technicians stay as far as possible from the X-ray source when it is active.
5. Regular equipment checks
- Machines are tested and calibrated to ensure they are functioning safely and not emitting unnecessary radiation.
6. Special precautions for vulnerable groups
- Extra care is taken with pregnant patients to avoid exposing the fetus.
These measures ensure that X-ray use remains effective for diagnosis while keeping radiation risks to a minimum.