Here’s a explanation without any chemical formulas:
Structural Isomerism
- Same formula but different connections between atoms.
- Examples:
- A ligand inside the complex swaps with one outside.
- A ligand can attach through different atoms.
- Water molecules are sometimes inside or outside the complex.
Key: Atoms are connected differently.
Stereoisomerism
- Same formula and same connections, but different 3D arrangement of atoms.
- Examples:
- Ligands arranged differently around the metal (like cis and trans).
- Mirror-image forms that are not superimposable.
Key: Atoms are connected the same but arranged differently in space.
Easy way to remember:
- Structural = connections change
- Stereoisomer = shape/position changes