Dormancy is a period in a plant’s life cycle when growth, development, and physical activity temporarily stop or slow down. It is a natural survival strategy that allows plants to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions such as extreme cold, drought, or lack of nutrients. During dormancy, metabolic processes are greatly reduced, conserving the plant’s energy until conditions become favorable again.
Dormancy can occur in different parts of the plant—seeds, buds, or even entire plants. Seed dormancy prevents seeds from germinating until the environment is suitable for growth, ensuring the young plant has the best chance of survival. Bud dormancy, common in deciduous trees, protects growing tissues during cold winters.
Dormancy affects the plant growth cycle by introducing a rest period between active growth phases. During this time, photosynthesis and cell division are minimal. However, important physiological preparations occur—plants store nutrients and strengthen tissues to survive harsh conditions. When favorable conditions return (like spring after winter), dormancy is broken, and growth resumes rapidly.
In essence, dormancy helps plants synchronize their growth cycles with environmental changes, ensuring survival and optimal growth in the next active season.