Detecting electromagnetic waves outside the visible spectrum requires specialized instruments designed to respond to different wavelengths and energies, since our eyes can only see visible light. Here’s how waves in various regions are detected:
1. Radio Waves
- Detected using antennas and radio receivers that convert radio signals into electrical signals for processing.
2. Microwaves
- Detected by microwave receivers and radar systems that capture microwaves and convert them to signals we can analyze.
3. Infrared (IR)
- Detected using thermal cameras, IR photodetectors, and bolometers that measure heat emitted by objects.
4. Ultraviolet (UV)
- Detected by photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, or UV-sensitive cameras that respond to UV photons.
5. X-Rays
- Detected with X-ray film, digital X-ray detectors, or scintillation detectors that convert X-rays into visible light or electrical signals.
6. Gamma Rays
- Detected using Geiger counters, scintillation detectors, or semiconductor detectors that can sense high-energy photons.
Additional Notes:
- Many detectors work by converting electromagnetic radiation into electrical signals or visible light, which can then be measured or imaged.
- Space telescopes are often needed for wavelengths blocked by Earth’s atmosphere (like UV, X-rays, gamma rays).