Here’s a explanation of the three main types of molecular energy:
1. Translational energy
- This is the energy associated with a molecule moving from one place to another.
- Think of it as the molecule “traveling” through space.
- It depends on the speed and mass of the molecule.
- Translational energy affects temperature and pressure in gases.
2. Rotational energy
- This is the energy due to a molecule spinning or rotating around its axis.
- Different molecules rotate in different ways, depending on their shape.
- Rotational energy affects the heat capacity of gases at moderate temperatures.
3. Vibrational energy
- This is the energy from a molecule’s bonds stretching and bending.
- Think of atoms in a molecule as connected by tiny springs that vibrate.
- Vibrational energy becomes significant at higher temperatures and contributes to heat capacity and infrared absorption.
In short:
- Translational: motion through space
- Rotational: spinning of the molecule
- Vibrational: internal bond vibrations