What is the principle of redox titration?

The principle of redox titration is based on oxidation-reduction (electron transfer) reactions between the titrant and the analyte.

In simple terms:

• One substance loses electrons (is oxidized), and the other gains electrons (is reduced).
• The titration measures the amount of titrant required to completely react with the analyte.
• The end point is detected using an indicator that changes color when the reaction is complete or by a potentiometric method.

Key Points:

1. Redox titrations are used when the reaction involves transfer of electrons.
2. Common oxidizing agents: Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), iodine (I₂).
3. Common reducing agents: Ferrous salts (Fe²⁺), sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃).
4. Widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and water analysis.

In short:
Redox titration works on the principle of electron transfer between oxidizing and reducing agents, and the titration determines the amount of one substance that reacts completely with another.