A triple covalent bond is a type of covalent bond where three pairs of electrons (six electrons in total) are shared between two atoms. This creates a very strong and short bond, stronger than single and double covalent bonds.
Key Features:
- Represented by three lines (≡) between two atoms.
- Involves one sigma (σ) bond and two pi (π) bonds.
- Requires more energy to break compared to single or double bonds.
- Found in molecules where atoms need to share more electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration.
Examples:
- Nitrogen gas (N₂):
Each nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. To complete the octet, they share 3 pairs → N≡N. - Acetylene (C₂H₂):
Each carbon forms a triple bond with another carbon → H–C≡C–H. - Carbon monoxide (CO):
Contains a triple bond with one coordinate bond.
Properties:
- Bond length: Shorter than single and double bonds.
- Bond strength: Strongest among covalent bonds.
- Polarity: Can be polar or nonpolar depending on the atoms involved.