Biodegradable polymers are polymers that can be broken down naturally by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or algae into water, carbon dioxide (or methane), and biomass. This makes them environmentally friendly compared to conventional plastics, which persist in the environment for hundreds of years.
Key Features of Biodegradable Polymers
- Environmentally Friendly: They reduce plastic pollution because they decompose naturally.
- Source: Can be made from natural materials (like starch, cellulose) or synthesized chemically from renewable resources.
- Degradation: Microorganisms produce enzymes that break the polymer chains into smaller molecules.
- Applications: Mostly in disposable products to reduce waste.
Examples
- Natural biodegradable polymers: Starch, cellulose, proteins, chitosan
- Synthetic biodegradable polymers: Polylactic acid (PLA), Polycaprolactone (PCL), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
Uses
- Packaging materials (bags, wrappers)
- Agricultural films (mulch films)
- Medical products (sutures, implants)
- Disposable tableware (plates, cups)
In short: Biodegradable polymers are plastics that decompose naturally, helping reduce environmental pollution and waste.