How does X-ray imaging work in detecting bone fractures?

X-ray imaging detects bone fractures by using X-rays’ ability to pass through soft tissue but be absorbed by dense materials like bone.

Here’s how it works:

1. X-ray source and detector – The patient is positioned so the injured area is between the X-ray machine and a detector (or film).
2. X-ray penetration – When the X-rays pass through the body, soft tissues (like skin and muscle) absorb very little radiation, so they appear dark on the image. Bones, being denser and rich in calcium, absorb more X-rays and appear white.
3. Fracture visibility – If a bone is fractured, the break disrupts the bone’s structure. This gap or misalignment absorbs fewer X-rays than intact bone, creating a dark line or irregularity within the white bone image.
4. Image interpretation – Radiologists or doctors examine the X-ray for cracks, gaps, or displacement, confirming the location and severity of the fracture.

Because X-rays provide a quick, non-invasive, and clear view of bone structure, they are the most common and effective method for diagnosing fractures.