Forensic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that applies chemical methods to help investigate crimes. It involves analyzing physical evidence from crime scenes to identify unknown substances and determine how they are connected to criminal activity.
Definition
Forensic chemistry is the application of chemical analysis to detect, identify, and compare substances found in criminal cases, such as drugs, explosives, poisons, or trace materials like fibers and paint.
Main Goals
- Identify unknown materials such as drugs, toxins, or residues.
- Compare samples to link evidence to suspects or crime scenes.
- Reconstruct how a crime occurred using chemical findings.
- Present scientific evidence in court to support investigations.
Common Areas
- Drug Analysis: Identifying illegal or controlled substances.
- Toxicology: Detecting poisons, alcohol, or drugs in biological samples.
- Arson and Explosives Analysis: Determining if accelerants or explosive materials were used.
- Trace Evidence Analysis: Examining small samples like hair, glass, or fibers.
- Gunshot Residue Testing: Detecting chemical traces from fired weapons.
Techniques Used
- Chromatography (GC, HPLC): Separates components in a mixture.
- Spectroscopy (FTIR, UV-Vis, Mass Spectrometry): Identifies the chemical makeup of unknown substances.
- Microscopy: Examines small materials such as fibers or particles.
- Chemical Spot Tests: Provides quick, on-the-spot results for suspected drugs or explosives.
Role in Criminal Investigations
- Identifying drugs and poisons.
- Analyzing fire debris for signs of arson.
- Matching paint, glass, or soil samples to specific sources.
- Providing scientific evidence that supports or challenges witness claims.
Summary
Forensic chemistry connects science with law. It uses chemical analysis to reveal facts hidden in evidence, helping investigators solve crimes, identify suspects, and ensure justice is served.