Permanent tissues in plants are tissues made up of cells that have stopped dividing and have become specialized to perform specific functions. They develop from meristematic tissues after the cells mature.
Permanent tissues help the plant with support, storage, protection, and transport.
There are two main types of permanent tissues:
- Simple permanent tissues – made of only one type of cell.
- Parenchyma: stores food and water.
- Collenchyma: provides flexibility and support.
- Sclerenchyma: gives strength and hardness.
- Complex permanent tissues – made of more than one type of cell working together.
- Xylem: carries water and minerals.
- Phloem: carries food.
In short, permanent tissues are mature plant tissues that perform important life functions but no longer divide.